One of America's prominent landscape and marine painters as well as teachers in the late 19th century, Robert Swain Gifford worked primarily in New York City with travels to many other locations. He was also one of the early artists into Alaska, going there in 1899 as a commissioned landscape painter for the Harriman Expedition, which traveled up the coast of Alaska as far as Plover Bay in Siberia. During the 1860s he traveled extensively in search of interesting landscapes, and the western United States became a favorite painting area, especially California and Oregon. He was appointed a member of the Advisory Committee on Fine Arts of the state of New York for the World's Columbian Exposition and was named a judge on the awards committee of the St. Louis World's Fair.

Robert Hinshelwood was a landscape painter, etcher and engraver and was best known for his engravings of landscapes.  He worked for publishing houses including Harpers and also did bank note engraving for Continental Bank Note Company.